TY - JOUR T1 - Technological Frames: Interpretations about the Futures of Work and Intelligent Machines on Social Media JF - Information, Technology & People Y1 - In Press A1 - Ayşe Öcal A1 - Kevin Crowston AB - Purpose: This study explores interpretations and feelings about futures of work and intelligent machines expressed on social media. Design/methodology/approach: We investigate public interpretations, assumptions and expectations expressed in social media conversations through which users freely share their most recent ideas. In addition to frames, this study also coded the emotions and attitudes expressed in the text data. More specifically, a corpus consisting of 998 unique Reddit post titles and their corresponding 16,611 comments were analyzed by using computer-aided textual analysis comprising a BERTopic model, and two BERT text classification models, one for emotion and the other for sentiment analysis, supported by human judgment. Finally, relationships among frames and attitudes and frames and emotions were examined. Findings: Twelve clusters were found that related to futures of work with intelligent machines. Based on the prior literature, two frames were chosen from these clusters and analyzed in detail: (1) general impacts of intelligent machines on wealth and society and (2) replacement of tasks (augmentation and substitution). The general attitude observed in conversations was positive, moreover the most common emotion category was approval. Findings also showed there are relationships between frames and attitudes and frames and emotions. Originality: This work extends the prior literature on a topic relevant for academia and industry. Findings of this research can help realize potential needs and benefits from the public’s vantage point in the case of possible transformations in the future of work with intelligent machines. The findings may also help enlighten researchers to shape research directions about futures of work. Furthermore, firms, organizations or industries may also employ framing methods to receive customers’ or workers’ responses, or even to influence the responses. Aside from the empirical findings, another crucial implication of this work is application of theory of technological frames for systematizing the interpretations of how people conceptualize the future of work with the technology of intelligent machines. This study constitutes a bridge that connects fields of IS, computational science and empirical social research. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Think with me, or think for me? On the future role of artificial intelligence in marketing strategy formulation JF - The TQM Journal Y1 - 2020 A1 - Theresa, Eriksson A1 - Alessandro, Bigi A1 - Michelle, Bonera A1 - Eriksson, Theresa A1 - Bigi, Alessandro A1 - Bonera, Michelle A1 - Theresa, Eriksson A1 - Alessandro, Bigi A1 - Michelle, Bonera KW - AI KW - artificial intelligence KW - creativity KW - marketing strategy KW - marketing synergy KW - paper type research paper KW - rationality KW - tqm AB - Purpose This paper explores if and how Artificial Intelligence can contribute to marketing strategy formulation.Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research based on exploratory in-depth interviews with industry experts currently working with artificial intelligence tools.Findings Key themes include: (1) Importance of AI in strategic marketing decision management; (2) Presence of AI in strategic decision management; (3) Role of AI in strategic decision management; (4) Importance of business culture for the use of AI; (5) Impact of AI on the business' organizational model. A key consideration is a “creative-possibility perspective,” highlighting the future potential to use AI not only for rational but also for creative thinking purposes.Research limitations/implications This work is focused only on strategy creation as a deliberate process. For this, AI can be used as an effective response to the external contingencies of high volumes of data and uncertain environmental conditions, as well as being an effective response to the external contingencies of limited managerial cognition. A key future consideration is a “creative-possibility perspective.”Practical implications A practical extension of the Gartner Analytics Ascendancy Model (Maoz, 2013).Originality/value This paper aims to contribute knowledge relating to the role of AI in marketing strategy formulation and explores the potential avenues for future use of AI in the strategic marketing process. This is explored through the lens of contingency theory, and additionally, findings are expressed using the Gartner analytics ascendancy model. VL - ahead-of-p SN - 1754-2731 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2019-0303 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward Trustworthy AI Development: Mechanisms for Supporting Verifiable Claims Y1 - 2020 A1 - Brundage, Miles A1 - Avin, Shahar A1 - Wang, Jasmine A1 - Belfield, Haydn A1 - Krueger, Gretchen A1 - Hadfield, Gillian A1 - Khlaaf, Heidy A1 - Yang, Jingying A1 - Toner, Helen A1 - Fong, Ruth A1 - Maharaj, Tegan A1 - Koh, Pang Wei A1 - Hooker, Sara A1 - Leung, Jade A1 - Trask, Andrew A1 - Bluemke, Emma A1 - Lebensold, Jonathan A1 - O'Keefe, Cullen A1 - Koren, Mark A1 - Ryffel, Théo A1 - Rubinovitz, JB A1 - Besiroglu, Tamay A1 - Carugati, Federica A1 - Clark, Jack A1 - Eckersley, Peter A1 - de Haas, Sarah A1 - Johnson, Maritza A1 - Laurie, Ben A1 - Ingerman, Alex A1 - Krawczuk, Igor A1 - Askell, Amanda A1 - Cammarota, Rosario A1 - Lohn, Andrew A1 - Krueger, David A1 - Stix, Charlotte A1 - Henderson, Peter A1 - Graham, Logan A1 - Prunkl, Carina A1 - Martin, Bianca A1 - Seger, Elizabeth A1 - Zilberman, Noa A1 - HÉigeartaigh, Seán Ó A1 - Kroeger, Frens A1 - Sastry, Girish A1 - Kagan, Rebecca A1 - Weller, Adrian A1 - Tse, Brian A1 - Barnes, Elizabeth A1 - Dafoe, Allan A1 - Scharre, Paul A1 - Herbert-Voss, Ariel A1 - Rasser, Martijn A1 - Sodhani, Shagun A1 - Flynn, Carrick A1 - Gilbert, Thomas Krendl A1 - Dyer, Lisa A1 - Khan, Saif A1 - Bengio, Yoshua A1 - Anderljung, Markus AB - With the recent wave of progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has come a growing awareness of the large-scale impacts of AI systems, and recognition that existing regulations and norms in industry and academia are insufficient to ensure responsible AI development. In order for AI developers to earn trust from system users, customers, civil society, governments, and other stakeholders that they are building AI responsibly, they will need to make verifiable claims to which they can be held accountable. Those outside of a given organization also need effective means of scrutinizing such claims. This report suggests various steps that different stakeholders can take to improve the verifiability of claims made about AI systems and their associated development processes, with a focus on providing evidence about the safety, security, fairness, and privacy protection of AI systems. We analyze ten mechanisms for this purpose–spanning institutions, software, and hardware–and make recommendations aimed at implementing, exploring, or improving those mechanisms. UR - http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07213 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Technology and Work Worth Doing (Not Jobs) Post-AlphaGo: A World-Building Workshop on the Future of Artificial Intelligence Y1 - 2019 A1 - Pendleton-Jullian, Ann A1 - Lempert, Robert PB - RAND Corporation ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Ten ways the precautionary principle undermines progress in artificial intelligence Y1 - 2019 A1 - Daniel Castro A1 - Michael McLaughlin KW - consulting reports JF - Information Technology & Innovation Foundation UR - https://itif.org/publications/2019/02/04/ten-ways-precautionary-principle-undermines-progress-artificial-intelligence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - There is no general AI: Why Turing machines cannot pass the Turing test Y1 - 2019 A1 - Jobst Landgrebe UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05833 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is this time different? A note on automation and labour in the fourth industrial revolution JF - Journal of Industrial and Business Economics Y1 - 2019 A1 - Marengo, Luigi KW - economics of automation VL - 46 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is this time different? How digitalization influences job creation and destruction JF - Research Policy Y1 - 2019 A1 - Balsmeier, Benjamin A1 - Woerter, Martin VL - 48 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - “This time may be a little different” – exploring the Finnish view on the future of work JF - International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy Y1 - 2019 A1 - Pulkka, Ville-Veikko VL - 39 IS - 1/2 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Toward a conceptual framework for understanding AI action and legal reaction Y1 - 2019 A1 - Dahya, Raheena A1 - Morris, Alexis ED - Meurs, Marie-Jean ED - Rudzicz, Frank PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham VL - 11489 SN - 978-3-030-18304-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on labor JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Y1 - 2019 A1 - Frank, Morgan R A1 - Autor, David A1 - Bessen, James E A1 - Brynjolfsson, Erik A1 - Cebrian, Manuel A1 - Deming, David J A1 - Feldman, Maryann A1 - Groh, Matthew A1 - Lobo, José A1 - Moro, Esteban A1 - Wang, Dashun A1 - Youn, Hyejin A1 - Rahwan, Iyad AB -

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies have the potential to significantly disrupt labor markets. While AI and automation can augment the productivity of some workers, they can replace the work done by others and will likely transform almost all occupations at least to some degree. Rising automation is happening in a period of growing economic inequality, raising fears of mass technological unemployment and a renewed call for policy efforts to address the consequences of technological change. In this paper we discuss the barriers that inhibit scientists from measuring the effects of AI and automation on the future of work. These barriers include the lack of high-quality data about the nature of work (e.g., the dynamic requirements of occupations), lack of empirically informed models of key microlevel processes (e.g., skill substitution and human–machine complementarity), and insufficient understanding of how cognitive technologies interact with broader economic dynamics and institutional mechanisms (e.g., urban migration and international trade policy). Overcoming these barriers requires improvements in the longitudinal and spatial resolution of data, as well as refinements to data on workplace skills. These improvements will enable multidisciplinary research to quantitatively monitor and predict the complex evolution of work in tandem with technological progress. Finally, given the fundamental uncertainty in predicting technological change, we recommend developing a decision framework that focuses on resilience to unexpected scenarios in addition to general equilibrium behavior.

VL - 116 UR - http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1900949116 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Towards a smart automated society: Cognitive technologies, knowledge production, and economic growth JF - Economics, Management, and Financial Markets Y1 - 2019 A1 - Mitchell Udell A1 - Vojtech Stehel A1 - Tomas Kliestik A1 - Jana Kliestikova A1 - Pavol Durana VL - 14 IS - 1 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Towards an AI economy that works for all Y1 - 2019 A1 - Stephen Herzenberg A1 - John Alic KW - ethics JF - Keystone Research Center Future of Work Project sponsored by The Heinz Endowments UR - https://www.keystoneresearch.org/sites/default/files/FOW_TowardAIEconomyForAllFinalEdit.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Towards intelligent regulation of Artificial Intelligence JF - European Journal of Risk Regulation Y1 - 2019 A1 - BUITEN, Miriam C VL - 10 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transforming the communication between citizens and government through AI-guided chatbots JF - Government Information Quarterly Y1 - 2019 A1 - Androutsopoulou, Aggeliki A1 - Karacapilidis, Nikos A1 - Loukis, Euripidis A1 - Charalabidis, Yannis VL - 36 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.10.001 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technology and employment: Mass unemployment or job creation? Empirical evidence from European patenting firms JF - Research Policy Y1 - 2018 A1 - Van Roy, Vincent A1 - Vértesy, Dániel A1 - Vivarelli, Marco VL - 47 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technology, productivity and employment: an empirical analysis of indian industries JF - Journal of Business Thought Y1 - 2018 A1 - Aggarwal, Suresh Chand VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technology-induced bias in the theory of evidence-based medicine JF - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice Y1 - 2018 A1 - Eustace, Scott VL - 24 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-unemployment: A framework for assessing the effects of information and communication technologies on work JF - Telematics and Informatics Y1 - 2018 A1 - Garcia-Murillo, Martha A1 - MacInnes, Ian A1 - Bauer, Johannes M. VL - 35 IS - 7 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Theorizing human and bot co - production effects on information quality T2 - Thirty - n inth International Conference on Information Systems, Y1 - 2018 A1 - Amber G. Young A1 - Amber G. Young A1 - Gerald C. Kane JF - Thirty - n inth International Conference on Information Systems, UR - https://icis2018postergallery.weebly.com/416-social-media-and-digital-collaboration.html ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is There a Smarter Path to Artificial Intelligence? Some Experts Hope So JF - The NewYork Times Y1 - 2018 A1 - Steve Lohr UR - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/technology/deep-learning-artificial-intelligence.html ER - TY - JOUR T1 - This time it might be different: Analysis of the impact of digitalization on the labour market JF - European Scientific Journal ESJ Y1 - 2018 A1 - Lovergine, Saverio A1 - Pellero, Alberto VL - 14 IS - 36 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards a Sociological Conception of Artificial Intelligence T2 - Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) Y1 - 2018 A1 - Jakub Mlynar A1 - Hamed S. Alavi A1 - Himanshu Verma A1 - Lorenzo Cantoni KW - artificial intelligence KW - Social sciences KW - Sociology AB - Social sciences have been always formed and influenced by the development of society, adjusting the conceptual, methodological, and theoretical frameworks to emerging social phenomena. In recent years, with the leap in the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the proliferation of its everyday applications, "non-human intelligent actors" are increasingly becoming part of the society. This is manifested in the evolving realms of smart home systems, autonomous vehicles, chatbots, intelligent public displays, etc. In this paper, we present a prospective research project that takes one of the pioneering steps towards establishing a "distinctively sociological" conception of AI. Its first objective is to extract the existing conceptions of AI as perceived by its technological developers and (possibly differently) by its users. In the second part, capitalizing on a set of interviews with experts from social science domains, we will explore the new imaginable conceptions of AI that do not originate from its technological possibilities but rather from societal necessities. The current formal ways of defining AI are grounded in the technological possibilities, namely, machine learning methods and neural network models. Buy what exactly is AI as a social phenomenon, which may act on its own, can be blamed responsible for ethically problematic behavior, or even endanger people's employment? We argue that such conceptual investigation is a crucial step for further empirical studies of phenomena related to AI's position in current societies, but also will open up ways for critiques of new technological advancements with social consequences in mind from the outset. JF - Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) PB - Springer ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards an understanding of how chatbots create value T2 - Hawaii International Conference on System SciencesProceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Y1 - 2018 A1 - Stoeckli, Emanuel A1 - Uebernickel, Falk A1 - Brenner, Walter JF - Hawaii International Conference on System SciencesProceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences PB - Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transparency and fairness in machine learning applications JF - Texas A&M Journal of Property Law Y1 - 2018 A1 - Jim Shook A1 - Robyn Smith A1 - Alex Antonio VL - 4 UR - https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=journal-of-property-law ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thinking critically about and researching algorithms JF - Information, Communication & Society Y1 - 2017 A1 - Kitchin, Rob KW - Algorithmic management VL - 20 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward a computational hermeneutics JF - Big Data & Society Y1 - 2015 A1 - Mohr, John W A1 - Wagner-Pacifici, Robin A1 - Breiger, Ronald L VL - 2 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing the differences in perceptions of communication quality for a human agent and a bot agent on Twitter JF - Computers in Human Behavior Y1 - 2014 A1 - Edwards, Chad A1 - Edwards, Autumn A1 - Spence, Patric R. A1 - Shelton, Ashleigh K. VL - 33 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward a Framework for Levels of Robot Autonomy in Human-Robot Interaction JF - Journal of Human-Robot Interaction Y1 - 2014 A1 - Beer, Jenay M A1 - Fisk, Arthur D A1 - Rogers, Wendy A VL - 3 UR - http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3109833http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3109833&ftid=1883786&dwn=1 IS - 2 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - A transdisciplinary perspective on hedonomic sustainability design Y1 - 2014 A1 - Stephen M. Fiore A1 - Elizabeth Philips A1 - Brittany C. Sellers KW - environmental efficacy KW - environmental sustainability KW - hedonomics KW - sustainable design KW - transdisciplinary research JF - Economics in design UR - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1064804613516762?journalCode=erga ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is there an ethics of algorithms? JF - Ethics and Information Technology Y1 - 2011 A1 - Kraemer, Felicitas A1 - van Overveld, Kees A1 - Peterson, Martin VL - 13 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Towards a theory for multiparty proactive communication in agent teams JF - International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems Y1 - 2007 A1 - Kaivan Kamali A1 - Xiaocong Fan A1 - John Yen, JOHN VL - 16 IS - 02 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical change, job tasks, and rising educational demands: looking outside the wage structure JF - Journal of Labor Economics Y1 - 2006 A1 - Spitz‐Oener, Alexandra VL - 24 IS - 2 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Technical change, inequality, and the labor market Y1 - 2000 A1 - Acemoglu, Daron PB - National Bureau of Economic Research CY - Cambridge, MA ER -